What vulnerability type does it describe when an attacker can steal browser cookies and access sensitive information?

The scenario described relates closely to identification and authentication failures, as stealing browser cookies can often grant an attacker unauthorized access to an account or sensitive data without the need for legitimate credentials. Cookies can store session tokens, which, if obtained by an attacker, can be used to impersonate the user and bypass usual authentication methods. If proper security measures, such as secure cookie attributes (e.g., HttpOnly and Secure flags), are not implemented, these cookies become vulnerable targets.

On the other hand, cryptographic failures would address issues related to weak encryption methods or improper key management, but it does not specifically pertain to the act of stealing cookies. Broken access control focuses more on weaknesses in system permissions and ensuring users can’t access areas of the system they shouldn’t reach, which isn't directly relevant to cookie theft. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) exposes vulnerabilities where an attacker can instruct a server to fetch resources, but it is also distinct from the scenario of browser cookie theft. Hence, identification and authentication failures highlight the risk associated with stolen cookies and their implications for user identity and credentials.